Associations of muscle-strengthening exercise with overweight, obesity, and depressive symptoms in adolescents: Findings from 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance system

Jizu Shi; Mingjun Gao; Xiao Xu; Xuyang Zhang; Jin Yan

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.980076

Associations of muscle-strengthening exercise with overweight, obesity, and depressive symptoms in adolescents: Findings from 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance system

Front Psychol. 2022 Sep 8:13:980076. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.980076. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Jizu Shi¹, Mingjun Gao², Xiao Xu³, Xuyang Zhang³, Jin Yan^{4

5}

Affiliations

¹ Key Laboratory of Endurance Sport, Jilin Sport University, Changchun, China.
² Foundation Department of Education, Shandong Communication and Media College, Jinan, China.
³ China Basketball College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China.
⁴ Centre for Active Living and Learning, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
⁵ College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.

Abstract

Background: Previous studies have focused on the opposite relation between muscle strength, obesity, and depression in adults. Moreover, the evidence has indicated that obesity and depression in adults might be significantly decreased with Muscle Strength Exercise (MSE) albeit it might be insufficient. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the association between MSE, adiposity, and depression among United States adolescents.

Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study used the Youth Risk Behavioral Survey (YRBS) data. In YRBS, a cluster sample was used, and the investigation was divided into three stages. The study surveyed 13,677 high school students and conducted self-reported questionnaires on sex, grade, race/ethnicity, MSE days, overweight, obesity, and depressive symptoms. The study got the nationally representative population of American students in Grade 9 to 12 (around 12-18 years).

Results: A total of 13,677 participants (female = 6,885, male = 6641) were included in the final analysis. The participants meeting the guidelines' requirements seemed more likely to be obese than those not meeting (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.06-1.55). There was no statistical significance in the relations between the MSE guidelines and overweight and depression (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.73-1.01: OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.83-1.06). For all the participants, the prevalence of those conforming to MSE was 30.1%. One-fifth of the participants reported no MSE per week, 7.8% reported 3 days of MSE per week, and 7.7% reported 7 days.

Conclusion: The main finding of this study indicated a positive relationship between the normative MSE required in guidelines and low-level obesity. Beyond that, the evidence was insufficient to confirm the positive links between MSE and depression among American adolescents. Our study could offer evidence for future MSE interventions in adolescents.

Keywords: body mass index; high school students; muscle-strengthening exercise; overweight; the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance.