Anatomical Changes of the Vulva Due to Childbirth and Aging

Abstract

The female reproductive system consists of several structures. These organs are constantly undergoing changes throughout the lifetime of a woman. Most of these occur due to changes in estrogen and progesterone levels at key transitions in life such as puberty, pregnancy, and menopause. Laxity and atrophy occur during pregnancy and menopause, respectively, can cause significant symptomology for women. Although some women do have return to normal anatomy following pregnancy, many do not and develop pelvic organ prolapse that worsens over their lifetime. Symptoms are often underreported, but for those who do have symptoms, surgical intervention may be warranted.

Keywords: Hormonal changes of female reproductive system; Pelvic organ prolapse; Pregnancy-induced changes of female reproductive system; Vulvar anatomy; Vulvovaginal atrophy.