Acute myeloid leukemia secondary to acute B lymphoblastic leukemia treated with maintenance therapy in a child: A case report

Cancer Rep (Hoboken). 2022 Nov;5(11):e1717. doi: 10.1002/cnr2.1717. Epub 2022 Sep 26.

Abstract

Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has the highest incidence among childhood hematologic cancers. Exposure to certain cytotoxic therapies for ALL is correlated with a higher risk of secondary malignancies.

Case: We report a rare case of a 6-year-old girl being diagnosed with secondary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) during her maintenance phase of treatment for ALL with TEL-AML1 fusion gene, approximately 17 months after the primary diagnosis.

Conclusion: This case indicates that we should recognize the increased risk of secondary AML for pediatric ALL patients with TEL-AML1 fusion gene if multiple alkylating drugs and inhibitors for topoisomerase II are included in induction chemotherapy.

Keywords: acute lymphoblastic leukemia; acute myeloid leukemia; secondary malignancy.

Publication types

  • Case Reports
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Child
  • Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit / genetics
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute* / chemically induced
  • Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute* / diagnosis
  • Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute* / drug therapy
  • Neoplasms, Second Primary* / chemically induced
  • Neoplasms, Second Primary* / diagnosis
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma* / diagnosis
  • Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma* / drug therapy
  • Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma* / genetics

Substances

  • Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit