Evaluation and management of temporomandibular disorders. Part 2: an orthopaedic physical therapy update on examination and clinical reasoning

J Man Manip Ther. 2023 Jun;31(3):143-152. doi: 10.1080/10669817.2022.2124617. Epub 2022 Sep 28.

Abstract

Temporomandibular (TM) disorders afflict many people globally and, despite the presence of existing peer-reviewed material that assists conservative orthopedic providers, recent advances in knowledge indicate that updated resources are required for students, clinicians, and educators. This two-part series builds off previously published material to present newer supplementary information that can be useful during the evaluation and management processes. Content in Part 1 of this series includes a discussion about the factors that have been shown to contribute to TM disorders, an updated perspective of relevant pain science, a discussion of self-report outcome measures, and various different topics related to the examination of patients with TM disorders. Part 2 addresses information related to the temporomandibular joint disc, joint hypermobility, oral splints, and clinical reasoning. In combination with other available publications, this two-part series provides clinicians an opportunity to improve their delivery of effective and efficient clinical services for people diagnosed with TM disorders.

Keywords: Clinical reasoning; Physical examination; Physical therapy; Review; Temporomandibular joint disorders.

MeSH terms

  • Clinical Reasoning
  • Humans
  • Orthopedics*
  • Physical Therapy Modalities
  • Temporomandibular Joint Disc
  • Temporomandibular Joint Disorders* / diagnosis
  • Temporomandibular Joint Disorders* / therapy

Grants and funding

The author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.