Description of two new species Chattonella tenuiplastida sp. nov. and Chattonella malayana sp. nov. (Raphidophyceae) from South China Sea, with a report of wild fish mortality

Wai Mun Lum; Hong Chang Lim; Winnie Lik Sing Lau; Ing Kuo Law; Sing Tung Teng; Garry Benico; Sandric Chee Yew Leong; Kazuya Takahashi; Haifeng Gu; Thaithaworn Lirdwitayaprasit; Chui Pin Leaw; Po Teen Lim; Mitsunori Iwataki

doi:10.1016/j.hal.2022.102322

Description of two new species Chattonella tenuiplastida sp. nov. and Chattonella malayana sp. nov. (Raphidophyceae) from South China Sea, with a report of wild fish mortality

Harmful Algae. 2022 Oct:118:102322. doi: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102322. Epub 2022 Sep 30.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
² Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia. Electronic address: hclim24@gmail.com.
³ Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia.
⁴ Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia; Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.
⁵ Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.
⁶ Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, 3120, Philippines.
⁷ St. John's Island National Marine Laboratory, Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, 119227, Singapore.
⁸ Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China.
⁹ Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
¹⁰ Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia. Electronic address: ptlim@um.edu.my.
¹¹ Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan. Electronic address: iwataki@g.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp.

PMID: 36195418
DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102322

Abstract

Fisheries damage caused by Chattonella red tide has been recorded in Southeast Asia. Molecular studies have clarified the presence of two species, Chattonella marina complex and Chattonella subsalsa in the region, unlike East Asia that had only C. marina complex. To elucidate the phylogeography of Chattonella in Asia, further phylogenetic and morphological examinations were carried out with 33 additional culture strains, including the strains isolated during a bloom of Chattonella sp. (up to 142 cells mL^-1) that was associated with a wild fish mortality along the northeastern coast of Peninsular Malaysia in 2016, and those from Yellow Sea, where the Chattonella genotypes have not been determined. LSU rDNA and ITS2 trees showed five intrageneric clades in the genus Chattonella, which were clades I and II (C. subsalsa), clade III (C. marina complex) and two new clades, namely clade IV from Thailand and Malaysia, and clade V from Peninsular Malaysia. The positions of the two new clades were different in LSU rDNA and ITS2 trees. LSU rDNA divergences of clades IV and V from the other clades were ≥ 4.01% and ≥ 5.70%, while their ITS2 divergences were ≥ 7.44% and ≥ 16.43%, respectively. Three and five compensatory base changes (CBCs) were observed in the clades IV and V, respectively, when compared to each of their closest clade. Cells from clades IV and V showed similar morphology to C. marina complex and C. subsalsa clade II, including the presence of button-like granules on cell surface and oboe-shaped mucocysts. However, cell size, the number and shape of chloroplasts in Chattonella clades IV and V, and the non-stacked thylakoids penetrated the pyrenoid in C. subsalsa clade II, were distinctive. Based on the diagnostic chloroplast shape, we proposed the designation of clades IV and V to two new species, Chattonella tenuiplastida sp. nov. and Chattonella malayana sp. nov.

Keywords: Chattonella malayana sp. nov.; Chattonella tenuiplastida sp. nov.; Fish kill; ITS2; LSU rDNA; South China Sea; Yellow Sea.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Animals
DNA, Ribosomal
Fishes
Phylogeny
Phylogeography
Stramenopiles* / metabolism

Substances

DNA, Ribosomal