Mode-specific effects of concentric and eccentric isokinetic training of the hamstring muscle at slow angular velocity on the functional hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio-a randomized trial

Kushla Nand Sharma; Nishat Quddus; Unaise Abdul Hameed; Sohrab Ahmad Khan; Anita Kumari; Ahmad H Alghadir; Masood Khan

doi:10.7717/peerj.13842

Mode-specific effects of concentric and eccentric isokinetic training of the hamstring muscle at slow angular velocity on the functional hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio-a randomized trial

PeerJ. 2022 Sep 29:10:e13842. doi: 10.7717/peerj.13842. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Kushla Nand Sharma¹, Nishat Quddus², Unaise Abdul Hameed³, Sohrab Ahmad Khan², Anita Kumari⁴, Ahmad H Alghadir⁵, Masood Khan⁵

Affiliations

¹ Kataria Healthcare, Sadhya Physiotherapy Clinic, New Delhi, India.
² Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, Delhi, India.
³ Caring Hands Physiotherapy Ltd., Calgary, Canada.
⁴ Dr. Pradeep Sharma's Pain Management Clinic, New Delhi, Delhi, India.
⁵ Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

Background: Previous studies have examined the mode specificity of eccentric and concentric isokinetic training, but have reported conflicting results. Few studies have reported that eccentric and concentric isokinetic training are mode-specific, i.e., they will increase only the eccentric or concentric strength, respectively. Other studies have reported that mode specificity does not exist. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the mode-specific effects of eccentric and concentric isokinetic training of the hamstring muscle at slow angular velocity on eccentric peak torque of the hamstring (PT_ecc), concentric peak torque of the quadriceps (PT_con), acceleration time of the hamstring (AT_hams) and quadriceps (AT_quad), deceleration time of the hamstring (DT_hams) and quadriceps (DT_quad), time to peak torque of the hamstring (TPT_hams) and quadriceps (TPT_quad), and functional Hamstring-to-Quadriceps ratio (PT_ecc/PT_con).

Subjects: A total of 30 participants were randomly divided into eccentric and concentric groups.

Methods: Two groups pre-test-post-test experimental design was used. In the eccentric and concentric groups, eccentric and concentric isokinetic training of hamstring muscle was performed respectively, at an angular velocity of 60°/s for 6 weeks duration. PT_ecc, PT_con, AT_hams, AT_quad, DT_hams, DT_quad, TPT_hams, TPT_quad, and PT_ecc/PT_con were measured before and after the completion of training.

Results: In the eccentric group, a significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed in PT_ecc (increased by 21.55%), AT_hams (decreased by 42.33%), AT_quad (decreased by 28.74%), and PT_ecc/PT_con (increased by 17.59%). No significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed in PT_con, TPT_hams, TPT_quad, DThams, and DT_quad. In the concentric group, a significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed in PT_ecc (increased by 12.95%), AT_hams (decreased by 27.38%) AT_quad (decreased by 22.08%), DT_quad (decreased by 26.86%), and PT_ecc/PT_con (increased by 8.35%). No significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed in PT_quad, TPT_hams, TPTquad, and DT_hams. Between-group analysis revealed a significant difference (p < 0.05) only in TPT_quad; otherwise, in the rest of the parameters, no significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed.

Conclusions: Both eccentric and concentric isokinetic training of the hamstring for 6 weeks increased PT_ecc, PT_ecc/PT_con, and decreased AT_hams and AT_quad. The effects of eccentric and concentric isokinetic training of the hamstring on PT_ecc, PT_ecc/PT_con, AT_hams, and AT_quad were not mode specific.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05229367.

Keywords: Acceleration time; Deceleration time; Hamstring-to-Quadriceps ratio; Isokinetic training; Peak torque; Time to peak torque.

Publication types

Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Exercise Therapy
Hamstring Muscles* / physiology
Humans
Quadriceps Muscle / physiology
Torque

Associated data

ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT05229367

Grants and funding

This research is funded by the Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP-2021/382), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.