Fiber-supported catalysts have attracted much attention due to their large specific surface area, high catalytic activity, and good recyclability. Functional polyacrylonitrile fibers were prepared by immersion of polyacrylonitrile fibers at room temperature in an alkaline dopamine (pH = 8.5) aqueous solution which can undergo self-polymerization and reduce silver ions to silver nanoparticles with mild reducibility and adsorption. The surface of the polyacrylonitrile fiber (PAN) was wrapped with a layer of polydopamine (PDA), and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were adsorbed on the surface of PDA, forming an efficient fiber catalyst. The morphology and chemical composition of the catalyst material were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The catalytic activity of the nanocomposite was evaluated for the reduction reaction of 4-nitrophenol using sodium borohydride (NaBH4) at 35 °C with a material molar ratio of 1 : 10 and a fiber loaded catalysis dosage of 40 mg. The liquid phase yield can reach 98% in 30 minutes and can be reused after washing with ethanol. Moreover, the composite material exhibited a good stability up to 10 cycles without a significant loss of its catalytic activity. The results show that the catalyst is easy to recover from the reaction system and has maintained good stability and catalytic activity after many cycles.
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