Pilot RCT Testing A Mailing About Sleeping Pills and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia: Impact on Benzodiazepines and Z-Drugs

Clin Gerontol. 2024 May-Jun;47(3):452-463. doi: 10.1080/07317115.2022.2130849. Epub 2022 Oct 6.

Abstract

Objectives: The aim is to pilot a low-touch program for reducing benzodiazepine receptor agonist (BZRA; benzodiazepines, z-drugs) prescriptions among older veterans.

Methods: Pilot randomized controlled trial consists of 2,009 veterans aged ≥ 65 years who received BZRA prescriptions from a Veterans Health Administration pharmacy (Colorado or Montana) during the prior 18 months. Active: Arm 1 was a mailed brochure about BZRA risks that also included information about a free, online cognitive behavioral therapy for the insomnia (CBTI) program. Arm 2 was a mailed brochure (same as arm 1) and telephone reinforcement call. Control: Arm 3 was a mailed brochure without insomnia treatment information. Active BZRA prescriptions at follow-up (6 and 12 months) were measured.

Results: In logistic regression analyses, the odds of BZRA prescription at 6- and 12-month follow-ups were not significantly different for arm 1 or 2 (active) versus arm 3 (control), including models adjusted for demographics and prescription characteristics (p-values >0.36).

Conclusions: Although we observed no differences in active BZRA prescriptions, this pilot study provides guidance for conducting a future study, indicating a need for a more potent intervention. A full-scale trial testing an optimized program would provide conclusive results.

Clinical implications: Mailing information about BZRA risks and CBTI did not affect BZRA prescriptions.

Keywords: Benzodiazepine; aging; deprescribing; insomnia; mortality; older adults.

Publication types

  • Randomized Controlled Trial
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Benzodiazepines / therapeutic use
  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy* / methods
  • Humans
  • Pharmaceutical Preparations
  • Pilot Projects
  • Sleep Aids, Pharmaceutical*
  • Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders* / drug therapy

Substances

  • Benzodiazepines
  • Pharmaceutical Preparations
  • Sleep Aids, Pharmaceutical