Cabozantinib for previously treated radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer: Updated results from the phase 3 COSMIC-311 trial

Cancer. 2022 Dec 15;128(24):4203-4212. doi: 10.1002/cncr.34493. Epub 2022 Oct 19.

Abstract

Background: At an interim analysis (median follow-up, 6.2 months; n = 187), the phase 3 COSMIC-311 trial met the primary end point of progression-free survival (PFS): cabozantinib improved PFS versus a placebo (median, not reached vs. 1.9 months; p < .0001) in patients with previously treated radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RAIR-DTC). The results from an exploratory analysis using an extended datacut are presented.

Methods: Patients 16 years old or older with RAIR-DTC who progressed on prior lenvatinib and/or sorafenib were randomized 2:1 to oral cabozantinib tablets (60 mg/day) or a placebo. Placebo patients could cross over to open-label cabozantinib upon radiographic disease progression. The objective response rate (ORR) in the first 100 randomized patients and the PFS in the intent-to-treat population, both according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 by blinded, independent review, were the primary end points.

Results: At the data cutoff (February 8, 2021), 258 patients had been randomized (cabozantinib, n = 170; placebo, n = 88); the median follow-up was 10.1 months. The median PFS was 11.0 months (96% confidence interval [CI], 7.4-13.8 months) for cabozantinib and 1.9 months (96% CI, 1.9-3.7 months) for the placebo (hazard ratio, 0.22; 96% CI, 0.15-0.32; p < .0001). The ORR was 11.0% (95% CI, 6.9%-16.9%) versus 0% (95% CI, 0.0%-4.1%) (p = .0003) with one complete response with cabozantinib. Forty placebo patients crossed over to open-label cabozantinib. Grade 3/4 treatment-emergent adverse events occurred in 62% and 28% of the cabozantinib- and placebo-treated patients, respectively; the most common were hypertension (12% vs. 2%), palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (10% vs. 0%), and fatigue (9% vs. 0%). There were no grade 5 treatment-related events.

Conclusions: At extended follow-up, cabozantinib maintained superior efficacy over a placebo in patients with previously treated RAIR-DTC with no new safety signals.

Keywords: COSMIC-311; cabozantinib; differentiated thyroid cancer; phase 3; placebo; tyrosine kinase inhibitor.

Publication types

  • Randomized Controlled Trial
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adenocarcinoma* / drug therapy
  • Adolescent
  • Anilides / adverse effects
  • Antineoplastic Agents* / therapeutic use
  • Humans
  • Iodine Radioisotopes / therapeutic use
  • Pyridines / adverse effects
  • Thyroid Neoplasms* / drug therapy
  • Thyroid Neoplasms* / radiotherapy

Substances

  • cabozantinib
  • Iodine Radioisotopes
  • Anilides
  • Pyridines
  • Antineoplastic Agents