Sensitivity of FEV1 and Clinical Parameters in Children With a Suspected Asthma Diagnosis

J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2023 Jan;11(1):238-247. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.10.011. Epub 2022 Oct 22.

Abstract

Background: Asthma is the most common chronic disease in children and a robust diagnosis is crucial to optimize patient care and reduce its burden. To diagnose asthma in children, the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) recommendations propose a 12% improvement in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) after a bronchodilation test. Nevertheless, such a criterion is rarely confirmed in these patients in clinical practice.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of spirometric and clinical parameters in identifying children with possible asthma.

Methods: The VERI-VEMS Study is a multicenter international retrospective cohort study. Data were collected, from January 2008 until January 2019, for all consecutive children (aged 5-18 years), with a diagnosis of asthma, who performed a spirometry at the time of the diagnosis. We compared the sensitivity of the reversibility criterion proposed by GINA guidelines, with other spirometric and clinical variables, using physician-diagnosed asthma and response to treatment as the standard.

Results: The study included 871 children. The reversibility criterion of 12% of FEV1 showed a sensitivity of 30.4%. The 3 best spirometric or clinical criteria were the presence of dry cough, or wheezing or atopy and dry cough, or wheezing or exercise-induced dyspnea, with a sensitivity reaching 99.5%, with no added value of the spirometric parameters in the calculation of the cumulated sensitivity for the diagnosis of pediatric asthma.

Conclusions: Postbronchodilator reversibility of 12%, although essential for patients' follow-up, has an insufficient low sensitivity in reaching a diagnosis of asthma in pediatric patients, compared with a combination of clinical symptoms, that show a better sensitivity. Further studies on specificity will help clarify the role of this change in the diagnostic paradigm in formally diagnosing children with asthma.

Keywords: Asthma; Children; Clinical symptoms; FEV(1); GINA; Pulmonary function tests; Sensitivity.

Publication types

  • Multicenter Study

MeSH terms

  • Asthma* / diagnosis
  • Asthma* / therapy
  • Child
  • Cough*
  • Forced Expiratory Volume
  • Humans
  • Respiratory Function Tests
  • Respiratory Sounds
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Sensitivity and Specificity
  • Spirometry