Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are uncommon, predominantly congenital direct fistulous connections between the pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins, resulting in a right to left shunt. Patients with PAVMs are usually asymptomatic with lesions detected incidentally when radiological imaging is performed for other indications. In this review, we discuss the classification and radiological features of PAVMs as well as their treatment and follow-up options, with a particular focus on percutaneous endovascular techniques and the evolution of the available equipment for treatment.
Keywords: PAVM; embolization; endovascular surgery; hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia; image-guided interventions; interventional radiology; percutaneous interventions; pulmonary arteriovenous malformations; right to left shunt.