There is a robust literature of predominantly cross-sectional studies demonstrating an association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and sleep quality in childhood and adolescence, measured by subjective as well as objective measures, dimensional and categorical variables, and controlling for a wide range of confounders such as other disorders.1 Moreover, ADHD symptoms and sleep problems are independently associated with adverse functional outcome and quality of life.2 As a result, these are viewed as common and mutually exacerbating conditions, likely mediated by common neuropathways.3-5.
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