Eugenol improves high-fat diet/streptomycin-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice muscle dysfunction by alleviating inflammation and increasing muscle glucose uptake

Yuge Jiang; Chuanxing Feng; Yonghui Shi; Xingran Kou; Guowei Le

doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.1039753

Eugenol improves high-fat diet/streptomycin-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice muscle dysfunction by alleviating inflammation and increasing muscle glucose uptake

Front Nutr. 2022 Nov 8:9:1039753. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1039753. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Yuge Jiang^{1

2}, Chuanxing Feng^{1

2}, Yonghui Shi^{1

2}, Xingran Kou³, Guowei Le^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Center for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
² The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
³ School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China.

Abstract

Eugenol has been used in dietary interventions for metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity. However, the protective effect of eugenol on muscle function in diabetes is unclear. In this study, a high-fat diet (HFD) with a streptozocin (STZ) injection induced type II diabetes mellitus in a mouse model. Oral eugenol lowered blood glucose and insulin resistance of HFD/STZ-treated mice. Eugenol reduced HFD/STZ-induced muscle inflammation and prevented muscle weakness and atrophy. Eugenol administration significantly increased GLUT4 translocation and AMPK phosphorylation in skeletal muscle, thereby enhancing glucose uptake. By silencing the transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 1 (TRPV1) gene in C2C12 myotube cells, eugenol was found to increase intracellular Ca²⁺ levels through TRPV1, which then activated calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-2 (CaMKK2) and affected AMPK protein phosphorylation. In conclusion, eugenol is a potential nutraceutical for preventing high-glucose-induced muscle impairments, which could be explained by its mediating effects on glucose absorption and inflammatory responses in the muscle.

Keywords: diabetes; eugenol; glucose; muscle; spices.