Circulating Inflammatory, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Senescence-Related Markers in Older Adults with Physical Frailty and Sarcopenia: A BIOSPHERE Exploratory Study

Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Nov 13;23(22):14006. doi: 10.3390/ijms232214006.

Abstract

Multisystem derangements encompassing musculoskeletal, stress, and metabolic response have been described in older adults with physical frailty and sarcopenia (PF&S). Whether PF&S is also associated with markers of cellular senescence has yet to be explored. To address this research question, we quantified the serum levels of selected inflammatory, mitochondrial, and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP)-related factors in 22 older adults with PF&S (mean age 75.5 ± 4.7 years; 81.8% women) and 27 nonPF&S controls (mean age 75.0 ± 4.4 years; 62.9% women) and evaluated their association with PF&S. Markers of inflammation (interleukin (IL)1-β, IL6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)), matrix remodeling (Serpin E1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1)), mitochondrial dysfunction (growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21)), Activin A, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were assayed. Serum levels of TNF-α and those of the SASP-related factors ICAM-1 and TIMP-1 were found to be higher, while IL1-β and IL6 were lower in PF&S participants compared with controls. Partial least squares discriminant analysis allowed discrimination of PF&S from nonPF&S participants with 74.0 ± 3.4% accuracy. Markers that significantly contributed to the classification were ICAM-1, TIMP-1, TNF-α, GFAP, and IL6. Future studies are warranted to establish whether inflammatory and SASP-related pathways are causally linked to the development and progression of PF&S, and may represent new targets for interventions.

Keywords: SASP; biomarkers; cellular senescence; cytokines; dynapenia; inflammation; multimarker analysis; muscle remodeling; physical performance; skeletal muscle.

MeSH terms

  • Biomarkers
  • Female
  • Frailty*
  • Humans
  • Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1
  • Interleukin-6
  • Male
  • Mitochondria
  • Sarcopenia*
  • Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Substances

  • Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1
  • Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
  • Interleukin-6
  • Biomarkers