County-level geographic disparities in cardiovascular disease mortality among US breast cancer survivors, 2000-2018

Katherine L Ho; Meredith S Shiels; Cody Ramin; Lene H S Veiga; Yingxi Chen; Amy Berrington de Gonzalez; Jacqueline B Vo

doi:10.1093/jncics/pkac083

County-level geographic disparities in cardiovascular disease mortality among US breast cancer survivors, 2000-2018

JNCI Cancer Spectr. 2023 Jan 3;7(1):pkac083. doi: 10.1093/jncics/pkac083.

Authors

Katherine L Ho^{1

2}, Meredith S Shiels³, Cody Ramin², Lene H S Veiga², Yingxi Chen⁴, Amy Berrington de Gonzalez², Jacqueline B Vo²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
² Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
³ Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
⁴ Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Abstract

Background: Disparities in cardiovascular disease mortality among breast cancer survivors are documented, but geographic factors by county-level socioeconomic status (SES) and rurality are not well described.

Methods: We analyzed 724 518 women diagnosed with localized or regional stage breast cancer between 2000 and 2017 within Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program-18 with follow-up until 2018. We calculated relative risks (RRs) of cardiovascular disease mortality using Poisson regression, accounting for age- and race-specific rates in the general population, according to county-level quintiles of SES (measured by Yost index), median income, and rurality at breast cancer diagnosis. We also calculated 10-year cumulative mortality risk of cardiovascular disease accounting for competing risks.

Results: Cardiovascular disease mortality was 41% higher among breast cancer survivors living in the lowest SES (RR = 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.36 to 1.46, Ptrend < .001) and poorest (RR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.36 to 1.47, Ptrend < .001) counties compared with the highest SES and wealthiest counties, and 24% higher for most rural relative to most urban counties (RR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.17 to 1.30, Ptrend < .001). Disparities for the lowest SES relative to highest SES counties were greatest among younger women aged 18-49 years (RR = 2.32, 95% CI = 1.90 to 2.83) and aged 50-59 years (RR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.77 to 2.28) and within the first 5 years of breast cancer diagnosis (RR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.44 to 1.64). In absolute terms, however, disparities were widest for women aged 60+ years, with approximately 2% higher 10-year cumulative cardiovascular disease mortality risk in the poorest compared with wealthiest counties.

Conclusions: Geographic factors at breast cancer diagnosis were associated with increased cardiovascular disease mortality risk. Studies with individual- and county-level information are needed to inform public health interventions and reduce disparities among breast cancer survivors.

Published by Oxford University Press 2022.

Publication types

Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural

MeSH terms

Breast Neoplasms*
Cancer Survivors*
Cardiovascular Diseases*
Female
Humans
Social Class
Survivors