Hydrogen bond interactions between thioethers and amides: A joint rotational spectroscopic and theoretical study of the formamide⋯dimethyl sulfide adduct

Abstract

The rotational spectrum of the binary adduct of formamide (HCONH₂) with dimethyl sulfide (DMS) has been investigated employing cavity-based Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy combined with theoretical computations. Experimentally, only one isomer of the adduct was unambiguously observed and assigned according to the theoretically predicted spectroscopic parameters, and its rotational spectrum displays the hyperfine splittings associated with the ¹⁴N nuclear quadrupole coupling effect. The observed isomer exhibits C_s symmetry, such that the ∠CSC angle of the DMS subunit is bisected by the ab-plane of the HCONH₂ moiety. The two moieties in the detected isomer are connected via one primary NH···S and two secondary CH···O hydrogen bonds. Quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM), non-covalent interaction (NCI), natural bond orbital (NBO) and symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) approaches were utilized for characterizing the intermolecular interactions occurring in the titled adduct. Additionally, the adduct of HCONH₂ with dimethyl ether (DME) was also theoretically investigated to compare the difference in structure and energy characteristics between the NH···S and NH···O hydrogen bonds.

Keywords: Intermolecular interactions; Microwave spectroscopy; Molecular complex; Sulfur hydrogen bonds; Theoretical calculations.