Effects of citric acid supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology and microbiota, and blood parameters of geese from 1 to 28 days of age

J J Xue; X F Huang; Z L Liu; Y Chen; Y K Zhang; Y Luo; B W Wang; Q G Wang; C Wang

doi:10.1016/j.psj.2022.102343

Effects of citric acid supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology and microbiota, and blood parameters of geese from 1 to 28 days of age

Poult Sci. 2023 Feb;102(2):102343. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102343. Epub 2022 Nov 15.

Authors

J J Xue¹, X F Huang¹, Z L Liu¹, Y Chen¹, Y K Zhang², Y Luo¹, B W Wang³, Q G Wang⁴, C Wang⁵

Affiliations

¹ Poultry Science Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China.
² College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China.
³ Department of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
⁴ Poultry Science Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China; Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Livestock Equipment Engineering in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing 402460, China.
⁵ Poultry Science Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China; Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Livestock Equipment Engineering in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing 402460, China. Electronic address: wangccq@foxmail.com.

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of citric acid (CA) supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology, intestinal microbiota, and blood parameters of geese from 1 to 28 d of age and evaluate the optimum additional level of citric acid. A total of 180 one-day-old male goslings were randomly allotted to 5 treatment groups of 36 birds with 6 replications. The control group was fed a basal diet, and the other groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, and 2.00% of citric acid, respectively. The results showed that goslings fed the diet supplemented with 1.00% CA had higher final body weight (FBW) and average daily gain (ADG) than other groups (P < 0.05). The CA supplementation at 0.25 to 1.00% improved the morphology of duodenum or jejunum (P < 0.05). The jejunal content pH value was significantly reduced with the addition of CA compared with the control group (P < 0.05). As citric acid levels increased, the IgA concentrations in plasma increased and then decreased, and the goslings fed 1.00% CA supplementation had the highest IgA concentrations (P < 0.05). The supplementation of 1.00% and 2.00% CA in diet significantly reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in plasma (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found on some indices related to liver function in plasma (P > 0.05), while creatinine significantly increased by the 2.00% CA supplementation (P < 0.05). Besides, the higher Coliform level in cecal content and worse intestinal morphology were observed when CA supplementation was up to 2.00%. Hence, the dietary CA supplementation (especially 1.00%) in goslings improves the growth performance, intestinal morphology, immunity and antioxidant, while excessive CA addition may cause negative effects. According to the quadratic polynomial model, the addition of CA in diet for obtaining maximum average daily feed intake (ADFI) should be 1.09% (10.9 g/kg diet) for goslings from 1 to 28 d of age.

Keywords: blood parameters; citric acid; goose; growth performance; intestinal morphology.

MeSH terms

Animal Feed / analysis
Animals
Chickens
Citric Acid
Diet / veterinary
Dietary Supplements / analysis
Geese*
Immunoglobulin A
Male
Microbiota*

Substances

Citric Acid
Immunoglobulin A