Background & aims: Childhood obesity is linked to adulthood cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and mortality. Approximately 32% of Kuwaiti children are obese, particularly boys. Data on other CVD risk factors are limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and sex differences of CVD risks in Kuwaiti schoolchildren.
Methods: Kuwaiti fifth-grade schoolchildren (n = 367, 53% girls, age 10.4 ± 0.4 years) were evaluated. Informed parent/guardian consent and child assent were obtained for all participants. Outcome variables included (i) anthropometric: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), percentage body fat (%BF); (ii) blood lipids: total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), non-HDL, TC:HDL ratio, triglycerides; and (iii) blood pressure (BP): systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) measurements. ANOVA was conducted, while controlling for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and screen time (ST); significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05.
Results: Overall prevalence of CVD risks included: overweight (21.6%), obesity (39%), WC (10.2%), WHtR (43.3%), %BF (10.1%), TC (26.4%), LDL (13.2%), HDL (36.9%), non-HDL (22.5%), TC:HDL ratio (25.9%), triglycerides (45.5%), and BP (23.3%). More girls (27.1%) than boys (15.5%) were overweight (p = 0.007). More girls than boys were at greater risk of elevated triglycerides (52.3% vs. 37.7%, p = 0.032), low HDL (20.7% vs. 12.2%, p = 0.032) and elevated SBP (21% vs. 10.7%, p = 0.008) and DBP (21% vs. 8.8%, p = 0.001), respectively.
Conclusions: CVD risks are a concern overall in children, especially in girls relative to overweight, dyslipidemia, and prehypertension. Intervention programs for Kuwaiti schoolchildren are recommended to prevent CVD risks.
Keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Childhood obesity; Dyslipidemia; Prehypertension; Risk factors.
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