Cluster analysis and geospatial mapping of antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli O157 in southwest Nigerian communities

Akinniyi Paul Akinduti; Oluwafunmilayo Ayodele; Babatunde Olanrewaju Motayo; Yemisi Dorcas Obafemi; Patrick Omoregie Isibor; Olubukola Wuraola Aboderin

doi:10.1016/j.onehlt.2022.100447

Cluster analysis and geospatial mapping of antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli O157 in southwest Nigerian communities

One Health. 2022 Oct 15:15:100447. doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2022.100447. eCollection 2022 Dec.

Authors

Akinniyi Paul Akinduti¹, Oluwafunmilayo Ayodele², Babatunde Olanrewaju Motayo³, Yemisi Dorcas Obafemi¹, Patrick Omoregie Isibor⁴, Olubukola Wuraola Aboderin³

Affiliations

¹ Microbiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria.
² Department of Medical Microbiology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.
³ Department of Pathology, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria.
⁴ Applied Biology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria.

Abstract

Geospatial spread and antibiotic-resistant relatedness of Escherichia coli O157, which are important virulent serotypes causing severe complications leading to high intestinal morbidity and occasional mortality in several communities in southwest Nigeria, were evaluated. Biotyped Escherichia coli strains (n = 508) from subjects with diarrhea and related intestinal infections, various domestic water sources and food animal products were evaluated for antibiotic resistance relatedness, conjugative activity, virulence factor and biofilm production. Antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli O157 encoded with stx was mapped for geospatial spread. Detected stx-encoded Escherichia coli O157 (7.56%) of human strains were significantly higher compared to water and food animal strains (p = 0.001) with high conjugative and transformative activity (OR(95%CI) = 34.65(94.5); p = 0.023). Water- Escherichia coli O157 reveal significant median resistance to ciprofloxacin, gentamycin (p < 0.05) and human diarrheagenic strains showed >60% resistance to doxycycline (MIC₅₀ 8 μg/mL and MIC₉₀ 128 μg/mL; p = 0.018), tetracycline (MIC₅₀ 4 μg/mL and MIC₉₀ 64 μg/mL), ciprofloxacin (MIC₅₀ 2 μg/mL and MIC₉₀ 128 μg/mL) and gentamycin (MIC₅₀ 4 μg/mL and MIC₉₀ 256 μg/mL). Strains from human diarrhea, UTI, colitis, cattle, fish, sheep, ground waters, streams, and rivers characterized with biofilm, hemolysin, protease productions, R-plasmid (≈14.30kbp) and MARI (0.84) were highly related. Principal component analysis (score plot) revealed a significant association between resistant human diarrheic strains with cattle and poultry strains. A high population of heterogeneous stx-encoded diarrheagenic and colitis strains was predominant in urban settings spreading with food animal and water Escherichia coli O157 strains. Human diarrheagenic Escherichia coli O157 were highly related to antibiotic resistance and virulence pattern with water and animal products strains. Strategic interventions through the implementation of One Health approach and population-target antimicrobial stewardship are needed to mitigate the increasing intestinal morbidity and reduction of mortality impact. Regular application of spatial data on clonal dissemination is important for monitoring, surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and transmission of zoonotic food-borne Escherichia coli O157 pathogens.

Keywords: Antibiotic resistance; Escherichia coli O157; Food animals; Water.