TMJ is highly prevalent stomatognathic disease affecting all age groups. Frequently, malocclusion can be the reason of the development of TMJ disorders. However, in addition to this, in the course of orthodontic treatment there may be some complaints about the pain and discomfort in temporomandibular joint, which is caused by orthodontic appliances that aimed to change the condition of malocclusion and mandibles. TMJ disorders are characterized with more complexity in case disorders are chronic or persistent. Orthodontic treatment has a potential role for the possible recovery as a consequence of correction of malocclusion. Pre-orthodontic preparation frequently is a necessary stage of orthodontic treatment. Orthodontists and general dentists must be aware of the multifactorial etiology of TMD and should accept recommendations about controlling the process before or after any dental or orthodontic interventions. The aim of this literature review is to show the effect of the orthodontic treatment in the development of temporomandibular joint disorders. The research may be an important factor for orthodontic patients for better assessment in order to avoid the post treatment complications. In the electronic database of PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science and Scopus using the key words the studies held before 2022 were searched and analyzed in addition to the data from the books related to temporomandibular joint and complications of orthodontic treatment. Orthodontic treatment in combined treatment of TMJ disorders has a potential role for the possible recovery. For the successful recovery it is essential clinicists to be informed about TMJ clinical signs and symptoms, have appropriate knowledge about all possible treatment means and detailed assessment of TMJ myofunctional condition before and after the orthodontic treatment. As a result of the correct control of the treatment process amongst the patients with the signs of TMJ dysfunction, the structure of temporomandibular joint is adapted to a new functional positioned that improves clinical condition in the surroundings. On the basis of this research and experience, it must be emphasized one more time that TMJ diagnosis must be a crucial criterion at a pre-orthodontic preparation stage in order to assess the treatment quality and avoid the post treatment complications.