Despite organ transplantation being the most successful treatment for end-stage organ dysfunction, the number of annual solid organ transplantations is much lower than that required to satisfy the demand of patients on waiting lists. The explanation for this phenomenon is the relative scarcity of non-living organ donors due to several factors, such as: (1) Late arrival of patients with a neurocritical condition to an emergency service; (2) lack of detection of those patients as possible organ donors by health professionals dedicated to pro curement or by clinicians at emergency and intensive care units, for instance; (3) late transfer of the patient to an intensive care unit to try to recover their health and to provide hemodynamic, ventilatory, and metabolic support; (4) lack of confirmation of the physiological status of the possible donor; (5) late or incorrect positive diagnosis of the subject's death, either due to brain or cardiac death; (6) difficulty in obtaining legal authorization, either by direct relatives or by the authority, for the extraction of organs; and (7) deficient retrieval surgery of the organs actually donated. The recent reports of relatively successful xenotransplants from genetically modified pigs open the possibility to fix this mismatch between supply and demand, but some technical (organ rejection and opp ortunistic infections), and economic issues, still remain before accepting a progressive replacement of the organ sources for transplantation. An approximate economic cost analysis suggests that the hypothetical acquisition cost of any genetically modified pig derived organ is high and would not even satisfy the solid organ demand of the wealthiest countries.
Keywords: Costs; Kidney transplantation; Organ donation; Procurement; Xenotransplantation.
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