Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor among women all over the world. In 2020, there were about 416 000 new cases, and more than 117 000 deaths of breast cancer in Chinese female. Of the new cases of breast cancer each year, about 3% to 10% of patients have distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Of the early-stage patients, about 30% developed into advanced breast cancer. The 5-year survival rate of advanced breast cancer was only 20%, and the median overall survival was 2-3 years. Although advanced breast cancer is difficult to cure at present, we can alleviate the clinical symptoms of patients, improve their quality of life and further prolong their survival time by applying new therapeutic drugs and optimizing treatment models, to achieve the purpose of long-term survival with tumor. It is very important for patients with advanced breast cancer to choose the reasonable treatment plan, and because of the lack of standard recommendation for the treatment of advanced breast cancer after the first- and second-line rescue therapies, according to the research progress of breast cancer at home and abroad and the update of real-world clinical data, the Chinese expert group analyzed, discussed and summarized the relevant research data, updated the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of inoperable locally advanced and recurrent or metastatic breast cancer on the basis of the 2020 edition, and formulated the "Guidelines for clinical diagnosis and treatment of advanced breast cancer in China (2022 edition)" for clinicians' reference.
乳腺癌是全球女性最常见的恶性肿瘤，2020年中国乳腺癌新发病例41.6万例，死亡病例约11.7万例。在每年新发乳腺癌患者中，约3%~10%的患者在确诊时即有远处转移。早期患者中约有30%可发展为晚期乳腺癌，晚期乳腺癌患者5年生存率仅为20%，中位总生存时间为2~3年。晚期乳腺癌虽难以治愈，但可通过应用新型治疗药物、优化治疗模式等方法来缓解临床症状，改善生活质量，进一步延长生存时间，以期达到长期带瘤生存的目的。晚期乳腺癌患者治疗方案的选择非常重要，且因为一、二线解救治疗后缺乏标准治疗方案，中国乳腺癌诊疗专家组根据国内外乳腺癌研究进展、真实世界临床数据更新，进行认真分析、讨论和总结，对不可手术的局部晚期和复发或转移性乳腺癌诊断、治疗及预后等方面在2020版基础上进行更新，制定了中国晚期乳腺癌规范诊疗指南(2022版)，以供临床医师参考。.
Keywords: Breast neoplasms; Diagnosis; Guideline; Treatment.