To investigate the variation of soil water holding capacity under different land use types can provide scientific basis for evaluating the change characteristics and regulation mechanism of water conservation capacity in alpine ecosystems. We collected soil samples at different depth intervals (0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm) under three land use types (farmland, forest, and grassland) in Tibet alpine region to measure the maximum water holding capacity, capillary water holding capacity, field capacity, and basic soil physicochemical properties. The associated environmental factors (mean annual precipitation, normalized difference vegetation index, altitude, slope gradient and surface roughness) were extracted to analyze the change characteristics and influencing factors of soil water holding capacity under different land use types. The results showed that soil water holding capacity (the maximum water holding capacity, capillary water holding capacity, and field capacity) of farmland, forest, and grassland all decreased with increasing soil depth. The mean values of the maximum water holding capacity, capillary water holding capacity, and field capacity in the 0-30 cm soil layer of grassland were 379.79, 329.57 and 194.39 g·kg-1, respectively, which were significantly higher than that of farmland (301.15, 259.67, and 154.91 g·kg-1) and forest (293.09, 251.49, and 117.01 g·kg-1). Results of the redundancy analysis showed that soil properties significantly influenced soil water holding capacity, with explanation rate of 44.6%, 42.7%, 37.6% and 35.8% for total porosity, soil organic matter, capillary porosity and soil bulk density, respectively. Results of the principal component analysis showed that mean annual precipitation, normalized difference vegetation index, altitude, slope gradient, and surface roughness were the main environmental factors affecting the spatial variation of soil water holding capacity, with a cumulative contribution of 72.4%. The grassland in the alpine region of Tibet had the highest water holding capacity and could effectively prevent soil erosion. Therefore, the implementation of returning farmland to grassland and the enclosure management of degraded grassland would be conducive to improve soil water conservation capacity in the alpine regions.
研究高寒地区不同土地利用方式下土壤持水能力变化特征及其影响因素可为评估高寒生态系统水源涵养能力分异特征及其调控机制提供依据。本研究选取西藏高寒区3种土地利用方式(农、林、草地)下不同深度(0～10、10～20、20～30 cm)土壤为对象,测定土壤最大持水量、毛管持水量、田间持水量及土壤基本理化性质,并提取环境因子(年均降雨量、植被归一化指数、海拔、坡度和地表粗糙度),分析不同土地利用方式下土壤持水能力的变化特征及其影响因素。结果表明: 农、林、草地土壤持水能力(最大持水量、毛管持水量、田间持水量)均随土层深度增加而逐渐降低。草地0～30 cm土壤最大持水量、毛管持水量和田间持水量均值分别为379.79、329.57和194.39 g·kg-1,显著高于农地(301.15、259.67和154.91 g·kg-1)和林地(293.09、251.49和117.01 g·kg-1)。冗余分析结果表明,不同土壤理化性质对土壤持水能力变异的解释量由大到小依次为总孔隙度(44.6%)、土壤有机质(42.7%)、毛管孔隙度(37.6%)和土壤容重(35.8%)。主成分分析结果显示,年均降雨量、植被归一化指数和地形因子(海拔、坡度和地表粗糙度)是影响土壤持水能力空间变异的主要环境因子,累积贡献率高达72.4%。西藏高寒区草地土壤具有更强的持水能力,能够有效防止水土流失。因此,在高寒地区实施退耕还草措施、对退化草地进行封育管理,有助于改善高寒地区土壤水源涵养能力。.
Keywords: Tibet; alpine region; influencing factor; land use pattern; regional variation; soil water holding capacity.