Further examinations of attitudes toward discrete emotions, with a focus on attitudes toward anger

Kinga Szymaniak; Sylvia K Harmon-Jones; Eddie Harmon-Jones

doi:10.1007/s11031-022-09998-3

Further examinations of attitudes toward discrete emotions, with a focus on attitudes toward anger

Motiv Emot. 2023;47(3):476-493. doi: 10.1007/s11031-022-09998-3. Epub 2023 Jan 2.

Authors

Kinga Szymaniak¹, Sylvia K Harmon-Jones², Eddie Harmon-Jones²

Affiliations

¹ The University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 00-927 Poland.
² The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052 Australia.

Abstract

The present research aimed to better understand individual differences in attitudes towards emotions with a focus on anger. We report findings of four studies conducted with American and Polish individuals. Results showed that individuals who have more positive attitudes toward anger are higher in trait anger (Studies 1-4), are more likely to think about getting revenge (Study 1), and expect that getting revenge will make them feel good (Studies 1-2). In addition, these individuals are lower in agreeableness and lower in the tendency to engage in avoidance when angered (Studies 1-4). They score lower in humility (Studies 3-4), lower in secure romantic attachment but higher in anxious and avoidance attachment (Study 3). Finally, they are more likely to believe a wide range of conspiracies (Studies 2-4). Discussion focuses on the implications of these results.

Keywords: Attitudes towards anger; Attitudes towards emotions; Conspiracy beliefs; Trait anger.

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