Neurological complications of giant cell arteritis: A study of 15 cases and a review of the literature

Abstract

Background: Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is considered a neuro-ophthalmologic emergency. New-onset headache in patients aged 50 years and above with elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate should prompt evaluation for GCA.

Material and methods: Retrospective study of 15 patients presenting with GCA from 1991 to 2008 at the Mohamed V Military hospital at Rabat and Avicenne Military hospital of Marrakech.

Results: Fifteen cases were recorded, with female predominance (male to female ratio 2:3) and a mean age of 63 years (range: 55-83 years). All patients (100%) presented with headache. The headache was isolated in 20% of cases and neuro-ophthalmic complications were found in 73% of cases. Biopsy was conclusive for GCA in 67% of cases and all of our patients were placed on steroids with spectacular improvement.

Conclusion: New-onset headache in patients aged 50 years and above should prompt evaluation for GCA. Steroids, especially during the acute phase, must be started urgently to avoid irreversible neurological impairment.

Keywords: Aspirin; Aspirine; Biopsie; Biopsy; Céphalée; Emergency; Headache; Steroids; Stéroïdes; Urgence; Vascularite; Vasculitis.