Microbiological and histopathological specimens were obtained from three levels (fundal, middle and cervical) of the endometrium immediately after removing the uterus. Hysterectomy indication was menometrorrhagia and uterine fibroids in eight cases and chronic pelvic pain in two cases. All cultures for C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, M. hominis, U. urealyticum, herpes simplex virus, anaerobic and facultative bacteria were negative. Histopathological examination showed few plasma cells in the endometrium in four cases with the presence of uterine fibroids and in one case with adenomyosis. These results suggest that the endometrial cavity of a nonpregnant uterus is sterile.