Pharmacokinetics effects of chuanxiong rhizoma on warfarin in pseudo germ-free rats

Haigang Li; Yi Zhou; Luanfeng Liao; Hongyi Tan; Yejun Li; Zibo Li; Bilan Zhou; Meihua Bao; Binsheng He

doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.1022567

Pharmacokinetics effects of chuanxiong rhizoma on warfarin in pseudo germ-free rats

Front Pharmacol. 2023 Jan 5:13:1022567. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1022567. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Haigang Li^{1

2

3}, Yi Zhou^{1

2

3}, Luanfeng Liao², Hongyi Tan⁴, Yejun Li⁴, Zibo Li⁵, Bilan Zhou⁶, Meihua Bao^{1

3}, Binsheng He^{1

3}

Affiliations

¹ Hunan key laboratory of the research and development of novel pharmaceutical preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China.
² Department of Pharmacy, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China.
³ Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China.
⁴ Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
⁵ Department of medical laboratory, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China.
⁶ Department of Pharmacy, Changsha Health Vocational College, Changsha, China.

Abstract

Aim: In China, warfarin is usually prescribed with Chuanxiong Rhizoma for treating thromboembolism diseases. However, the reason for their combination is still being determined. The present study explored the pharmacokinetics interactions of warfarin, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, and gut microbiota in the rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Methods: A total of 48 rats were randomly divided into six groups: MCAO rats orally administered warfarin (W group), pseudo germ-free MCAO rats orally administered warfarin (W-f group), MCAO rats co-administered Chuanxiong Rhizoma and warfarin (C + W group), pseudo germ-free MCAO rats co-administered Chuanxiong Rhizoma and warfarin (C + W-f group), MCAO rats co-administered warfarin and senkyunolide I (S + W group); pseudo germ-free MCAO rats co-administered warfarin and senkyunolide I (S + W-f group). After treatment, all animals' blood and stool samples were collected at different time points. The stool samples were used for 16S rRNA sequencing analysis. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was established to quantify warfarin, internal standards, and the main bioactive components of Chuanxiong in blood samples. The main pharmacokinetics parameters of warfarin were calculated by DAS 2.1.1 software. Results: The relative abundance of Allobaculum and Dubosiella in the pseudo germ-free groups (W-f, C + W-f, S + W-f) was lower than that in the other three groups (W, C + W, S + W). The relative abundance of Lactobacillus in the W-f group was higher than that of the W group, while the relative abundance of Akkermansia decreased. The relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014 and Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group in the S + W-f group was lower than in the S + W group. Compared to the W group, the AUC_0-t and C_max of warfarin in the W-f group increased significantly to 51.26% and 34.58%, respectively. The AUC_0-t and C_max in the C + W group promoted 71.20% and 65.75% more than the W group. Compared to the W group, the AUC_0-t and C_max increased to 64.98% and 64.39% in the S + W group. Conclusion: Chuanxiong Rhizoma and senkyunolide I (the most abundant metabolites of Chuanxiong Rhizoma aqueous extract) might affect the pharmacokinetics features of warfarin in MCAO rats through, at least partly, gut microbiota.

Keywords: MCAO (middle cerebral artery occlusion); UPLC-MS/MS; chuanxiong; gut microbiota; pharmacokinetics; warfarin.