Changes in the structure, perfusion, and function of the hippocampus in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Mingrui Li; Yifan Li; Kui Zhao; Xin Tan; Yuna Chen; Chunhong Qin; Shijun Qiu; Yi Liang

doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.1070911

Changes in the structure, perfusion, and function of the hippocampus in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Front Neurosci. 2023 Jan 9:16:1070911. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1070911. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Mingrui Li^{1

2

3}, Yifan Li^{1

2}, Kui Zhao^{1

2}, Xin Tan², Yuna Chen^{1

2}, Chunhong Qin², Shijun Qiu^{1

2}, Yi Liang^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
² Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
³ Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Zhanjiang First Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhanjiang, China.

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to explore the changes in the structure, perfusion, and function of the bilateral hippocampus in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) applying multimodal MRI methods, hoping to provide reliable neuroimaging evidence for the diagnosis of hippocampus-related brain injury in T2DM.

Methods: We recruited 30 T2DM patients and 45 healthy controls (HCs), on which we performed 3D T1-weighted images, resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI), arterial spin labeling (ASL) sequences, and a series of cognitive tests. Then, we compared the differences of two groups in the cerebral blood flow (CBF) value, amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) value, fractional ALFF (fALFF) value, coherence-based regional homogeneity (Cohe-ReHo) value, and degree centrality (DC) values of the bilateral hippocampus.

Results: In the T2DM group, the bilateral hippocampal volumes and the CBF value of the right hippocampus were lower than those in the HCs, while the ALFF value, fALFF value, and Cohe-ReHo value of the bilateral hippocampus were higher than those in the HCs. Correlation analysis showed that fasting blood glucose (FBG) was negatively correlated with the residuals of left hippocampal volume (r = -0.407, P = 0.025) and right hippocampal volume (r = -0.420, P = 0.021). The residual of the auditory-verbal learning test (AVLT) (immediate) score was positively correlated with the residual of right hippocampal volume (r = 0.369, P = 0.045).

Conclusion: This study indicated that the volume and perfusion of the hippocampus are decreased in T2DM patients that related to chronic hyperglycemia. Local spontaneous neural activity and coordination are increased in the hippocampus of T2DM patients, possibly as an adaptive compensation for cognitive decline.

Keywords: cerebral blood flow; hippocampus; resting-state functional MRI; type 2 diabetes mellitus; volume.

Grants and funding

This study was supported by the Key International Cooperation Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 81920108019); National Natural Science Foundation for Young Scholars of China (grant no. 82104698); and Excellent Doctoral Dissertation Incubation Grant of First Clinical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (grant no. YB202003).