Highly sensitive electrochemical sensor based on carbon paste electrode modified with graphene nanoribbon-CoFe2O4@NiO and ionic liquid for azithromycin antibiotic monitoring in biological and pharmaceutical samples

Reza Mostafazadeh; Hassan Karimi-Maleh; Ali Ghaffarinejad; Fariba Tajabadi; Yasamin Hamidian

doi:10.1007/s13204-023-02773-x

Highly sensitive electrochemical sensor based on carbon paste electrode modified with graphene nanoribbon-CoFe₂O₄@NiO and ionic liquid for azithromycin antibiotic monitoring in biological and pharmaceutical samples

Appl Nanosci. 2023 Jan 24:1-10. doi: 10.1007/s13204-023-02773-x. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Reza Mostafazadeh^{1

2}, Hassan Karimi-Maleh³, Ali Ghaffarinejad^{1

4}, Fariba Tajabadi², Yasamin Hamidian⁵

Affiliations

¹ Research Laboratory of Real Samples Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, 1684613114 Iran.
² Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Materials and Energy Research Center, PO Box 31787-316, Karaj, Iran.
³ School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Xiyuan Ave, P.O. Box 611731, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
⁴ Electroanalytical Chemistry Research Center, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, 1684613114 Iran.
⁵ Department of Chemistry, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, 16315-1618 Iran.

Abstract

In this report, Azithromycin (Azi) antibiotic was measured by carbon paste electrode (CPE) improved by graphene nanoribbon-CoFe₂O₄@NiO nanocomposite and 1-hexyl-3 methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (HMIM PF₆) as an ionic liquid binder. The electrochemical behavior of Azi on the graphene nanoribbon-CoFe₂O₄@NiO/HMIM PF₆/CPE is investigated by voltammetric methods, and the results showed that the modifiers improve the conductivity and electrochemical activity of the CPE. According to obtained data, the electrochemical behavior of Azi is related to pH. under optimum conditions, the sensor has linear ranges from 10 µM to 2 mM with a LOD of 0.66 µM. The effect of scan rate and chronoamperometry were studied, which showed that the Azi electro-oxidation is diffusion controlled with the diffusion coefficient of 9.22 × 10^-6 cm²/s. The reproducibility (3.15%), repeatability (2.5%), selectivity, and stability (for 30 days) tests were investigated, which results were acceptable. The actual sample analysis confirmed that the proposed sensor is an appropriate electrochemical tool for Azi determination in urine and Azi capsule.

Keywords: 1-Hexyl-3 methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ionic liquid; Azithromycin determination; Macrolide antibiotic sensor; Nanocomposite; Voltammetry.

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