Eastern, Western, and Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis and West Nile Viruses: Clinical and Public Health Considerations

Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 2023 Apr;39(1):99-113. doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2022.11.007. Epub 2023 Feb 1.

Abstract

The continued recognition and emergence of alphavirus and flavivirus diseases is a growing veterinary and public health concern. As the global environment continues to change, mosquito-borne diseases will continue to evolve and expand. Continued development of readily available vaccines for the prevention of these diseases in humans and animals is essential to controlling epizootics of these diseases. Further research into effective antiviral treatments is also sorely needed. This article describes equine encephalitis viruses with a focus on clinical and public health considerations.

Keywords: Alphavirus; Arbovirus; Encephalitis; Flavivirus; Horse; Mosquito-borne disease; Neurologic.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Alphavirus*
  • Animals
  • Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine* / veterinary
  • Horse Diseases*
  • Horses
  • Humans
  • Public Health
  • West Nile virus*