Epileptiform discharges triggered with direct electrical stimulation for treatment-resistant depression: Factors that modulate risk and treatment considerations

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. Electronic address: Joline.Fan@ucsf.edu.
• ² Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
• ³ Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
• ⁴ Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
• ⁵ Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
• ⁶ Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.