[Adverse drug reactions to multiple antibiotics]

Medicina (B Aires). 2023;83(1):158-162.
[Article in Spanish]

Abstract

Adverse reaction reporting is essential to understand the actual safety of marketed medicines. There are cases of patients with multidrug intolerance syndrome, an under-reported entity, which can occur when adverse reactions to more than two pharmacologically unrelated drugs occur in the same patient. We describe the case of a woman diagnosed with multisensitive Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis who experienced adverse reactions to five structurally unrelated antibiotics with different mechanisms of action in two consecutive hospitalisations. The reactions were secondary to cefazolin (tricytopenia), vancomycin (renal injury), daptomycin (elevated creatine phosphokinase) and linezolid (hepatotoxicity) in the first hospitalization, and to cotrimoxazole (thrombocytopenia) in the second. Transient damage to different organ systems was observed in all cases. Finally, hospital discharge was granted with clindamycin without further intercurrences until treatment was completed. This case could correspond to the aforementioned syndrome or to an as yet uncharacterized entity.

La información sobre reacciones adversas es fundamental para conocer la seguridad real de los medicamentos comercializados. Existen casos de pacientes con síndrome de intolerancia a múltiples drogas, una entidad poco reportada, la que puede presentarse cuando en un mismo paciente ocurren reacciones adversas a más de dos medicamentos no relacionados farmacológicamente. Se describe el caso de una mujer con diagnóstico de endocarditis por Staphylococcus aureus multisensible, que cursó con reacciones adversas a cinco antibióticos estructuralmente no relacionados y con mecanismos de acción diferentes, en dos internaciones consecutivas. Las reacciones fueron secundarias a cefazolina (tricitopenia), vancomicina (injuria renal), daptomicina (elevación de creatina fosfoquinasa) y linezolid (hepatotoxicidad) en la primera internación, y a cotrimoxazol (plaquetopenia) en la segunda. En todos los casos se observó daño transitorio en diferentes sistemas de órganos. Finalmente, se otorgó alta hospitalaria con clindamicina sin nuevas intercurrencias hasta finalizar tratamiento. Este caso podría corresponder al síndrome antes mencionado o a una entidad aún no caracterizada.

Keywords: adverse reactions to multiple antibiotics; multiple drug intolerance syndrome; pharmacovigilance.

Publication types

  • Case Reports
  • English Abstract

MeSH terms

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / adverse effects
  • Daptomycin* / therapeutic use
  • Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions* / drug therapy
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Linezolid / adverse effects
  • Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus*
  • Staphylococcal Infections* / drug therapy
  • Vancomycin / adverse effects

Substances

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Vancomycin
  • Linezolid
  • Daptomycin