Incidence of Nonunion Following First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Arthrodesis for Hallux Valgus Deformity: A Retrospective Analysis of Four Different Constructs

J Foot Ankle Surg. 2023 May-Jun;62(3):536-542. doi: 10.1053/j.jfas.2022.12.010. Epub 2023 Jan 12.

Abstract

Arthrodesis of the great toe joint is a valuable procedure for hallux valgus deformities. The primary aim of this study was to determine nonunion rates of a first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) arthrodesis for bunion deformity. This was a retrospective review of 166 consecutive limbs that underwent a first metatarsal phalangeal joint arthrodesis at Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center (WFBMC). Procedures were performed using 4 different constructs for the arthrodesis. Incidence of nonunion, intermetatarsal correction, infection, and recurrence were measured. Overall, 20 patients (12%) experienced nonunion following a first metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis. Eighty-seven patients (86%) of plate and screw patients achieved union while 14 (78%) of crossing screw patients achieved union. The minimum time of follow-up was 3 months and the maximum time was 15.4 months. The mean change in intermetatarsal and hallux valgus angle correction was 3.4° and 20.3°, with no statistical difference based on hardware construct or being diabetic. First metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis is a viable option for hallux valgus. However, the results of the present study suggest that there is a lower fusion rate of the first MTPJ using crossing screws for bunion deformities.

Keywords: arthrodesis; bunion; fixation; hallux valgus; nonunion.

MeSH terms

  • Arthrodesis / adverse effects
  • Arthrodesis / methods
  • Bunion*
  • Hallux Rigidus* / surgery
  • Hallux Valgus* / diagnostic imaging
  • Hallux Valgus* / surgery
  • Hallux* / diagnostic imaging
  • Hallux* / surgery
  • Humans
  • Incidence
  • Metatarsophalangeal Joint* / diagnostic imaging
  • Metatarsophalangeal Joint* / surgery
  • Radiography
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Treatment Outcome