Association of clinical and genetic risk factors with management of dyslipidaemia: analysis of repeated cross-sectional studies in the general population of Lausanne, Switzerland

Valeriya Chekanova; Nazanin Abolhassani; Julien Vaucher; Pedro Marques-Vidal

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065409

Association of clinical and genetic risk factors with management of dyslipidaemia: analysis of repeated cross-sectional studies in the general population of Lausanne, Switzerland

BMJ Open. 2023 Feb 21;13(2):e065409. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065409.

Authors

Valeriya Chekanova^{1

2}, Nazanin Abolhassani^{2

3}, Julien Vaucher², Pedro Marques-Vidal⁴

Affiliations

¹ National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russian Federation.
² Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
³ Institute of Primary Health Care, Bern, Switzerland.
⁴ Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland Pedro-Manuel.Marques-Vidal@chuv.ch.

Abstract

Objectives: To assess the importance of clinical and genetic factors in management of dyslipidaemia in the general population.

Design: Repeated cross-sectional studies (2003-2006; 2009-2012 and 2014-2017) from a population-based cohort.

Setting: Single centre in Lausanne, Switzerland.

Participants: 617 (42.6% women, mean±SD: 61.6±8.5 years), 844 (48.5% women, 64.5±8.8 years) and 798 (50.3% women, 68.1±9.2) participants of the baseline, first and second follow-ups receiving any type of lipid-lowering drug. Participants were excluded if they had missing information regarding lipid levels, covariates or genetic data.

Primary and secondary outcome measures: Management of dyslipidaemia was assessed according to European or Swiss guidelines. Genetic risk scores (GRSs) for lipid levels were computed based on the existing literature.

Results: Prevalence of adequately controlled dyslipidaemia was 52%, 45% and 46% at baseline, first and second follow-ups, respectively. On multivariable analysis, when compared with intermediate or low-risk individuals, participants at very high cardiovascular risk had an OR for dyslipidaemia control of 0.11 (95% CI: 0.06 to 0.18), 0.12 (0.08 to 0.19) and 0.38 (0.25 to 0.59) at baseline, first and second follow-ups, respectively. Use of newer generation or higher potency statins was associated with better control: OR of 1.90 (1.18 to 3.05) and 3.62 (1.65 to 7.92) for second and third generations compared with first in the first follow-up, with the corresponding values in the second follow-up being 1.90 (1.08 to 3.36) and 2.18 (1.05 to 4.51). No differences in GRSs were found between controlled and inadequately controlled subjects. Similar findings were obtained using Swiss guidelines.

Conclusion: Management of dyslipidaemia is suboptimal in Switzerland. The effectiveness of high potency statins is hampered by low posology. The use of GRSs in the management of dyslipidaemia is not recommended.

Keywords: cardiology; epidemiology; genetics; lipid disorders.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Cross-Sectional Studies
Dyslipidemias* / epidemiology
Female
Humans
Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors* / adverse effects
Lipids
Male
Risk Factors
Switzerland / epidemiology

Substances

Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
Lipids