Online surveys are increasingly popular in research given their cost-effectiveness and potential reach. However, low response rates remain a key contributor to bias and the overall quality of results. Having a well-designed survey, providing financial remunerations, sending personalized invitations, offering regular reminders, and using more than one recruitment strategy are evidence-based approaches to improve response rates. Given the potential for illegitimate responses to online surveys, approaches that minimize illegitimate participation are discussed.
Keywords: Illegitimate participation; Online survey; Response rate; Web-based survey.
© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology.