COVID-19: Mechanisms, risk factors, genetics, non-coding RNAs and neurologic impairments

Irina Gilyazova; Yanina Timasheva; Alexandra Karunas; Anastasiya Kazantseva; Albert Sufianov; Andrey Mashkin; Gulnaz Korytina; Yaolou Wang; Ilgiz Gareev; Elza Khusnutdinova

doi:10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.02.007

COVID-19: Mechanisms, risk factors, genetics, non-coding RNAs and neurologic impairments

Noncoding RNA Res. 2023 Jun;8(2):240-254. doi: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.02.007. Epub 2023 Feb 23.

Authors

Irina Gilyazova^{1

2}, Yanina Timasheva¹, Alexandra Karunas^{1

3}, Anastasiya Kazantseva^{1

3}, Albert Sufianov^{4

5}, Andrey Mashkin⁴, Gulnaz Korytina¹, Yaolou Wang⁶, Ilgiz Gareev², Elza Khusnutdinova^{1

3}

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054, Ufa, Russia.
² Bashkir State Medical University, 450008, Ufa, Russia.
³ Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education, Ufa University of Science and Technology, 450076, Ufa, Russia.
⁴ Рeoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow, 117198, Russia.
⁵ Department of Neurosurgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435, Moscow, Russia.
⁶ Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Rd, Nangang, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150088, China.

Abstract

The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) causes a severe acute illness with the development of respiratory distress syndrome in some cases. COVID-19 is a global problem of mankind to this day. Among its most important aspects that require in-depth study are pathogenesis and molecular changes in severe forms of the disease. A lot of literature data is devoted to the pathogenetic mechanisms of COVID-19. Without dwelling in detail on some paths of pathogenesis discussed, we note that at present there are many factors of development and progression. Among them, this is the direct role of both viral non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and host ncRNAs. One such class of ncRNAs that has been extensively studied in COVID-19 is microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Moreover, Initially, it was believed that this COVID-19 was limited to damage to the respiratory system. It has now become clear that COVID-19 affects not only the liver and kidneys, but also the nervous system. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge of mechanisms, risk factors, genetics and neurologic impairments in COVID-19. In addition, we discuss and evaluate evidence demonstrating the involvement of miRNAs and lnRNAs in COVID-19 and use this information to propose hypotheses for future research directions.

Keywords: COVID-19; Genetic; Neurologic impairments; Pathogenesis; Risk factors; lncRNA; miRNA.

Publication types

Review