Neuromuscular and Muscle Tissue Hemodynamic Responses When Exposed to Normobaric Hypoxia during Lower-Body Fatiguing Muscle Actions

Abstract

Objectives: This study examined effects of acute hypoxia on the neuromuscular responses (electromyographic (EMG) amplitude and EMG frequency) and localized muscle tissue oxygenated hemoglobin (oxygenated hemoglobin (Oxy_Hb), deoxygenated hemoglobin (Deoxy_Hb), total hemoglobin (Total_Hb), and muscle tissue oxygenation saturation (StO₂) during the process of fatigue.

Methods: Fifteen male participants (21.4±2.8yr) performed leg extension repetitions to failure at 70% 1-repetition maximum until volitional exhaustion under Normoxic (FiO₂:21%) and Hypoxic (FiO₂:12.9%) conditions. Electromyographic amplitude, EMG frequency, Oxy_Hb, Deoxy_Hb, Total_Hb, and StO₂ were measured from the vastus lateralis at Initial, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% of the repetitions to failure.

Results: There was no significant difference in the patterns of responses for EMG amplitude, Oxy_Hb, or Deoxy_Hb between Normoxia and Hypoxia. For EMG frequency, Hypoxia was greater than Normoxia and decreased with fatigue. Total_Hb and StO₂ were greater under Normoxia compared to Hypoxia. The patterns of responses for EMG amplitude, Deoxy_Hb, and Total_Hb increased throughout the repetitions to failure. Oxy_Hb and StO₂ exhibited decreases throughout the repetitions to failure for Normoxic and Hypoxic conditions.

Conclusion: The EMG and oxygenation measurements non-invasively suggest a sympathoexcitatory response (indicated by EMG frequency) and provided complimentary information regarding the process of fatigue in normoxic and hypoxic states.

Keywords: EMG; Hypoxemia; NIRS; StO₂; Sympathoexcitatory.