Diagnosis and Management of Nephrolithiasis in Children

Pediatr Clin North Am. 2022 Dec;69(6):1149-1164. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2022.07.008. Epub 2022 Oct 29.

Abstract

The incidence of kidney stones in children is increasing. Approximately two-thirds of pediatric cases have a predisposing cause. Children with recurrent kidney stones have an increased higher risk of developing chronic kidney. A complete metabolic workup should be performed. Ultrasound examination is the initial imaging modality recommended for all children with suspected nephrolithiasis. A general dietary recommendation includes high fluid consumption, dietary salt restriction, and increased intake of vegetables and fruits. Depending on size and location of the stone, surgical intervention may be necessary. Multidisciplinary management is key to successful treatment and prevention.

Keywords: Cystinuria; Hypercalciuria; Hyperoxaluria; Hyperuricosuria; Hypocitraturia; Lithotripsy; Nephrolithiasis; Nephrolithotomy.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Child
  • Glomerulonephritis*
  • Humans
  • Kidney Calculi*
  • Sodium Chloride

Substances

  • Sodium Chloride