The Department of Veterans Affairs and Department of Defense Clinical Practice Guideline (VA/DOD CPG) provides evidence-based management pathways to mitigate the negative consequences of common sleep disorders among service members (SMs). This retrospective cohort study estimated the incidence of chronic insomnia in active component military members from 2012 through 2021 and the percentage of SMs receiving VA/DOD CPG-recommended insomnia treatments. During this period, 148,441 incident cases of chronic insomnia occurred, with an overall rate of 116.1 per 10,000 person-years (p-yrs). A sub-analysis of SMs with chronic insomnia diagnosed during 2019-2020 found that 53.9% received behavioral therapy and 72.7% received pharmacotherapy. As case ages increased, the proportion who received therapy decreased. Co-existing mental health conditions increased the likelihood of receiving therapy for insomnia cases. Clinician education about the VA/DOD CPG may improve utilization of these evidence-based management pathways for SMs with chronic insomnia.