Insulin Therapy in Small Animals, Part 1: General Principles

Linda Fleeman; Chen Gilor

doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.02.002

Insulin Therapy in Small Animals, Part 1: General Principles

Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2023 May;53(3):615-633. doi: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.02.002. Epub 2023 Mar 9.

Authors

Linda Fleeman¹, Chen Gilor²

Affiliations

¹ Animal Diabetes Australia, 5 Hood Street, Collingwood, Victoria 3066, Australia. Electronic address: L.Fleeman@AnimalDiabetesAustralia.com.au.
² Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 Southwest 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.

PMID: 36906469
DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.02.002

Abstract

Understanding the pharmacology of insulin and how it relates to the pathophysiology of diabetes can lead to better clinical outcomes. No insulin formulation should be considered "best" by default. Insulin suspensions (NPH, NPH/regular mixes, lente, and PZI) as well as insulin glargine U100 and detemir are intermediate-acting formulations that are administered twice daily. For a formulation to be an effective and safe basal insulin, its action should be roughly the same every hour of the day. Currently, only insulin glargine U300 and insulin degludec meet this standard in dogs, whereas in cats, insulin glargine U300 is the closest option.

Keywords: Detemir; Diabetes mellitus; Glargine; Lente; Protamine.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Animals
Cat Diseases* / drug therapy
Cats
Diabetes Mellitus* / drug therapy
Diabetes Mellitus* / veterinary
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* / drug therapy
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* / veterinary
Dog Diseases* / drug therapy
Dogs
Hypoglycemic Agents / pharmacology
Hypoglycemic Agents / therapeutic use
Insulin / pharmacology
Insulin / therapeutic use
Insulin Glargine / therapeutic use

Substances

Insulin
Insulin Glargine
Hypoglycemic Agents