Chitosan fabricated biogenic silver nanoparticles (Ch@BSNP) protectively modulate the defense mechanism of tomato during bacterial leaf spot (BLS) disease

Ved Prakash Giri; Shipra Pandey; Sonal Srivastava; Pallavi Shukla; Navinit Kumar; Madhuree Kumari; Ratna Katiyar; Shiv Singh; Aradhana Mishra

doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.03.014

Chitosan fabricated biogenic silver nanoparticles (Ch@BSNP) protectively modulate the defense mechanism of tomato during bacterial leaf spot (BLS) disease

Plant Physiol Biochem. 2023 Apr:197:107637. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.03.014. Epub 2023 Mar 11.

Authors

Ved Prakash Giri¹, Shipra Pandey², Sonal Srivastava², Pallavi Shukla², Navinit Kumar², Madhuree Kumari³, Ratna Katiyar⁴, Shiv Singh⁵, Aradhana Mishra⁶

Affiliations

¹ Division of Microbial Technology, CSIR- National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India; Department of Botany, Lucknow University, Hasanganj, Lucknow, 226007, India.
² Division of Microbial Technology, CSIR- National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
³ Division of Microbial Technology, CSIR- National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India.
⁴ Department of Botany, Lucknow University, Hasanganj, Lucknow, 226007, India.
⁵ Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterial Division, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Bhopal, 462026, India.
⁶ Division of Microbial Technology, CSIR- National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India. Electronic address: mishra.a@nbri.res.in.

PMID: 36933507
DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.03.014

Abstract

Herein, the impact of chitosan fabricated biogenic silver nanoparticles (Ch@BSNP) has been evaluated for the protective management of bacterial leaf spot (BLS) disease in tomatoes caused by Xanthomonas campestris (NCIM5028). The Ch@BSNP originated by the Trichoderma viride (MTCC5661) derived extracellular compounds and subsequent chitosan hybridization. Spherical-shaped Ch@BSNP (30-35 nm) treated diseased plants were able to combat the biotic stress, as evidenced by the decreased elevated response of stress markers viz; anthocyanin (34.02%), proline (45.00%), flavonoids (20.26%), lipid peroxidation (10.00%), guaiacol peroxidase (36.58%), ascorbate peroxidase (41.50%), polyphenol oxidase (25.34%) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (2.10 fold) as compared to untreated diseased plants. Increased biochemical content specifically sugar (15.43%), phenolics (49.10%), chlorophyll, and carotenoids were measured in Ch@BSNP-treated diseased plants compared to untreated X. campestris-infested plants. The Ch@BSNP considerably reduced stress by increasing net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency along with decreased transpiration rate and stomatal conductance in comparison to infected plants. Additionally, the expression of defense-regulatory genes viz; growth responsive (AUX, GH3, SAUR), early defense responsive (WRKYTF22, WRKY33, NOS1), defense responsive (PR1, NHO1, NPR1), hypersensitivity responsive (Pti, RbohD, OXI1) and stress hormones responsive (MYC2, JAR1, ERF1) were found to be upregulated in diseased plants while being significantly downregulated in Ch@BSNP-treated diseased plants. Furthermore, fruits obtained from pathogen-compromised plants treated with Ch@BSNP had higher levels of health-promoting compounds including lycopene and beta-carotene than infected plant fruits. This nano-enabled and environmentally safer crop protection strategy may encourage a sustainable agri-system towards the world's growing food demand and promote food security.

Keywords: Bacterial leaf spot (BLS) disease; Ch@BSNP; Defense responsive genes; Xanthomonas campestris.

MeSH terms

Chitosan*
Defense Mechanisms
Metal Nanoparticles*
Silver / chemistry
Solanum lycopersicum*

Substances

Chitosan
Silver