Characterization of immature ovarian teratomas through single-cell transcriptome

Front Immunol. 2023 Mar 3:14:1131814. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1131814. eCollection 2023.

Abstract

Introduction: Immature ovarian teratomas are a type of malignant germ cell tumor composed of complicated cell types and are characterized by pathological features of immature neuroectodermal tubules/rosettes. However, there is a lack of understanding of patient-derived immature ovarian teratomas (PDT) at the single cell level. Moreover, whether stem cell lines derived from immature teratomas (CDT) can be used as models for research on PDT remains to be elucidated.

Methods: Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and subsequent bioinformatic analysis was performed on three patient-derived immature ovarian teratomas (PDT) samples to reveal the heterogeneity, evolution trajectory, and cell communication within the tumor microenvironment of PDT. Validations were conducted in additional seven samples through multiplex immunofluorescence.

Result: A total of qualified 22,153 cells were obtained and divided into 28 clusters, which can match to the scRNA-seq annotation of CDT as well as human fetal Cell Atlas, but with higher heterogeneity and more prolific cell-cell crosstalk. Radial glia cells (tagged by SOX2) and immature neuron (tagged by DCX) exhibited mutually exclusive expression and differentiated along distinct evolutionary trajectory from cycling neural progenitors. Proportions of these neuroectodermal cell subtypes may play important roles in PDT through contributing to the internal heterogeneity of PDTs. Moreover, the immune cells in PDTs were infiltrated rather than teratoma-derived, with more abundant macrophage in immature neuron than those in radial glia cells, and the infiltrated macrophage subtypes (i.e., M1 and M2) were significantly correlated to clinical grade. Overall, suppressed evolution process and transcriptome regulation in neuroectodermal cells, reduced cell-cell crosstalk, higher M1/M2 proportion ratio, and enhanced T cell effects in tumor microenvironment are enriched in patients with favorable prognosis.

Discussion: This study provides a comprehensive profile of PDT at the single cell level, shedding light on the heterogeneity and evolution of neuroectodermal cells within PDTs and the role of immune cells within the tumor microenvironment. Also, our findings highlight the potential usage of CDTs as a model for research on PDT.

Keywords: germ cell tumor; immature neuron; immature teratoma; pluripotent stem cell; radial glia; single cell RNA sequencing; tumor immune microenvironment.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Female
  • Humans
  • Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal*
  • Ovarian Neoplasms* / genetics
  • Ovarian Neoplasms* / pathology
  • Teratoma* / genetics
  • Transcriptome
  • Tumor Microenvironment / genetics

Supplementary concepts

  • Teratoma, Ovarian

Grants and funding

This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82002569and 82273445), the Sichuan Science & Technology Program (No. 2022YFS0202), and 1.3.5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence, West China Hospital, Sichuan University (No. ZYYC20003, ZYJC18004, ZYJC21024, ZYYC20007, ZYJC21006, and ZYGD20006)