The Prevalence of Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction in Children with Cerebral Palsy and its Association with Motor, Cognitive, and Autonomic Function

Dev Neurorehabil. 2023 Apr;26(3):155-162. doi: 10.1080/17518423.2023.2193268. Epub 2023 Mar 21.

Abstract

Purpose: To describe the prevalence of bladder and bowel dysfunction (BBD) in 8-10-year-old children with cerebral palsy and its association with motor, cognitive, and autonomic dysfunction.

Methods: A cross-sectional, random sample study of parents of 8-10-year-old children with cerebral palsy. Tools: The Enuresis/Urinary Incontinence Parental Questionnaire, the Functional Independence Measure children's version, the autonomic signs questionnaire, and the Gross Motor Function Classification System.

Results: 39 out of 59 parents consented to participate, whereas 25.64% reported complete continence. Of the 29 children with BBD, 21 (72.4%) had lower urinary tract symptoms and bowel problems. Only two of the children received conservative and noninvasive treatments. Lastly, motor, cognitive and autonomic impairments were associated with incontinence.

Conclusions: BBD is common in 8-10-year-old children with cerebral palsy at all levels of functioning. Most having both lower urinary tract symptoms and bowel problems.

Keywords: Bladder dysfunction; bowel dysfunction; cerebral palsy; prevalence.

MeSH terms

  • Cerebral Palsy* / complications
  • Cerebral Palsy* / epidemiology
  • Child
  • Cognition
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Gastrointestinal Diseases*
  • Humans
  • Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms* / complications
  • Prevalence
  • Urinary Bladder
  • Urinary Incontinence* / diagnosis
  • Urinary Incontinence* / epidemiology