1 National Centre on Addiction and Doping, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
2 Department of Excellence of Biomedical Science and Public Health, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Ancona, Italy.
3 Alcohol Addiction Program, Latium Region Referral Center, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
4 Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
5 Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Galofaro, Trieste, Italy; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
6 Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Modena, Italy.
7 Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy.
8 National Centre on Addiction and Doping, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, V. Le Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy. Electronic address: simona.pichini@iss.it.