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Review
. 2023 Mar 10;15(3):897.
doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030897.

Anti-Inflammatory Chilean Endemic Plants

Carolina Otero  1 , Carolina Klagges  2 , Bernardo Morales  3 , Paula Sotomayor  4 , Jorge Escobar  5 , Juan A Fuentes  6 , Adrian A Moreno  7 , Felipe M Llancalahuen  8 , Ramiro Arratia-Perez  9 , Felipe Gordillo-Fuenzalida  10 , Michelle Herrera  1 , Jose L Martínez  11   12   13 , Maité Rodríguez-Díaz  1
Affiliations
Review

Anti-Inflammatory Chilean Endemic Plants

Carolina Otero et al. Pharmaceutics. .

Abstract

Medicinal plants have been used since prehistoric times and continue to treat several diseases as a fundamental part of the healing process. Inflammation is a condition characterized by redness, pain, and swelling. This process is a hard response by living tissue to any injury. Furthermore, inflammation is produced by various diseases such as rheumatic and immune-mediated conditions, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and diabetes. Hence, anti-inflammatory-based treatments could emerge as a novel and exciting approach to treating these diseases. Medicinal plants and their secondary metabolites are known for their anti-inflammatory properties, and this review introduces various native Chilean plants whose anti-inflammatory effects have been evaluated in experimental studies. Fragaria chiloensis, Ugni molinae, Buddleja globosa, Aristotelia chilensis, Berberis microphylla, and Quillaja saponaria are some native species analyzed in this review. Since inflammation treatment is not a one-dimensional solution, this review seeks a multidimensional therapeutic approach to inflammation with plant extracts based on scientific and ancestral knowledge.

Keywords: Chilean native plants; anti-inflammatory properties; bioactive compounds; medicinal plants; phytochemicals.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Some examples of genins found as secondary metabolites in native Chilean plants reported to have anti-inflammatory activity.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Ugni molinae. (A) Detail of the plant. (B) Leaves of the plant. (www.fundacionphilippi.cl) (accessed on 18 January 2023). https://fundacionphilippi.cl/catalogo/ (accessed on 18 January 2023).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Buddleja globosa. (A) Detail of the plant. (B) Leaves of the plant. (www.chileflora.com) (accessed on 18 January 2023).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Schinus polygamus. (A) Detail of the tree. (B) Leaves of the tree. (www.fundacionphilippi.cl) (accessed on 18 January 2023).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Quillaja saponaria. (A) Detail of the tree. (B) Leaves of the tree.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Acaena magallánica. (A) Detail of the plant. (B) Leaves of the plant. (www.chileflora.com) (accessed on 18 January 2023).
Figure 7
Figure 7
Berberis microphylla. (A) Detail of the plant. (B) Leaves of the plant. (www.chileflora.com) (accessed on 18 January 2023).
Figure 8
Figure 8
Aristotelia chilensis. (A) Detail of the tree. (B) Leaves of the plant. (www.fundacionphilippi.cl) (accessed on 18 January 2023).
Figure 9
Figure 9
Fragaria chiloensis. (A) Detail of the tree. (B) Leaves of the plant. (www.chileflora.com) (accessed on 18 January 2023).
Figure 10
Figure 10
Eulychnia acida. (A) Detail of the tree. (B) Leaves of the fruit. (www.chileflora.com) (accessed on 18 January 2023).
Figure 11
Figure 11
Haplopappus remyanus. (A) Detail of the tree. (B) Leaves of the plant. (www.chileflora.com) (accessed on 18 January 2023).
Figure 12
Figure 12
Geoffroea decorticans. (A) Detail of the tree. (B) Leaves of the plant. (www.chileflora.com) (accessed on 18 January 2023).
Figure 13
Figure 13
Laretia acaulis. (A) Detail of the plant. (B) Leaves of the plant. (www.chileflora.com) (accessed on 18 January 2023)..
Figure 14
Figure 14
Peumus boldus. (A) Detail of the tree. (B) Leaves of the plant.
Figure 15
Figure 15
Anti-inflammatory mechanisms related to the various phytochemicals present in native Chilean plants.
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