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Review
. 2023 Mar 16:14:1123462.
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1123462. eCollection 2023.

A review of probiotics in the treatment of autism spectrum disorders: Perspectives from the gut-brain axis

Pengya Feng  1   2 , Shuai Zhao  3 , Yangyang Zhang  1 , Enyao Li  1
Affiliations
Review

A review of probiotics in the treatment of autism spectrum disorders: Perspectives from the gut-brain axis

Pengya Feng et al. Front Microbiol. .

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a class of neurodevelopmental conditions with a large societal impact. Despite existing evidence suggesting a link between ASD pathogenesis and gut-brain axis dysregulation, there is no systematic review of the treatment of probiotics on ASD and its associated gastrointestinal abnormalities based on the gut-brain axis. Therefore, we performed an analysis for ASD based on preclinical and clinical research to give a comprehensive synthesis of published evidence of a potential mechanism for ASD. On the one hand, this review aims to elucidate the link between gastrointestinal abnormalities and ASD. Accordingly, we discuss gut microbiota dysbiosis regarding gut-brain axis dysfunction. On the other hand, this review suggests that probiotic administration to regulate the gut-brain axis might improve gastrointestinal symptoms, restore ASD-related behavioral symptoms, restore gut microbiota composition, reduce inflammation, and restore intestinal barrier function in human and animal models. This review suggests that targeting the microbiota through agents such as probiotics may represent an approach for treating subsets of individuals with ASD.

Keywords: autism spectrum disorders; gastrointestinal abnormalities; gut microbiota; gut–brain axis; probiotics.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Interrelationship between gut microbiota dysbiosis, gastrointestinal abnormities, and symptoms severity of ASD.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Gut microbiota-derived metabolites contribute to ASD.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Potential ASD treatment responses triggered by probiotics and their metabolites through gut–brain axis.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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