Isolation of Oral Bacteria, Measurement of the C-Reactive Protein, and Blood Clinical Parameters in Dogs with Oral Tumor

Chanokchon Setthawongsin; Duangdaow Khunbutsri; Sirinun Pisamai; Wuttinun Raksajit; Suchanit Ngamkala; Thitichai Jarudecha; Nattakan Meekhanon; Anudep Rungsipipat

doi:10.1155/2023/2582774

Isolation of Oral Bacteria, Measurement of the C-Reactive Protein, and Blood Clinical Parameters in Dogs with Oral Tumor

Vet Med Int. 2023 Mar 22:2023:2582774. doi: 10.1155/2023/2582774. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Chanokchon Setthawongsin¹, Duangdaow Khunbutsri², Sirinun Pisamai³, Wuttinun Raksajit¹, Suchanit Ngamkala¹, Thitichai Jarudecha¹, Nattakan Meekhanon¹, Anudep Rungsipipat⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok10900, Thailand.
² Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen40002, Thailand.
³ Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok10330, Thailand.
⁴ Center of Excellence for Companion Animal Cancer, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok10330, Thailand.

Abstract

Canine oral cancers have a poor prognosis and are related to chronic inflammation. This may pose a risk of secondary bacterial infection. This study aimed to compare the bacteria isolated from oral swab samples, values of C-reactive proteins (CRPs), and clinical blood profiles of dogs with and without oral mass. A total of 36 dogs were divided in three groups: no oral mass (n = 21), oral mass (n = 8), and metastasis groups (n = 7). Significantly, both the clinical groups (the oral mass group and metastasis group) showed anemia, a decrease in the albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR), and an increase in the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), globulin-to-albumin ratio (GAR), CRP, and CRP-to-albumin ratio (CAR) compared to the normal group. CAR showed an increasing trend in the oral mass and metastasis groups (10 times and 100 times, respectively) compared to the no oral mass group (P < 0.001). Neisseria spp. (20.78%) was the main isolated bacteria in all groups. The main genera in the no oral mass group were Neisseria spp. (28.26%), Pasteurella spp. (19.57%), and Staphylococcus spp. (19.57%). Neisseria spp., Staphylococcus spp., Klebsiella spp., and Escherichia spp. were found equally (12.5%) in the oral mass group. Escherichia spp. (26.67%), Pseudomonas spp. (13.33%), and Staphylococcus spp. (13.33%) were the main genera in the metastasis group. Interestingly, Neisseria spp. decreased in the clinical groups (Fisher's exact = 6.39, P=0.048), and Escherichia spp. increased in the metastasis group (Fisher's exact = 14.00, P=0.002). The difference of oral bacteria in clinical dogs compared to healthy dogs may be related to microbiome alterations, and both the clinical groups showed the increment of inflammatory biomarkers. This suggested that further studies should be conducted on the correlation between the specific bacteria, CRP, blood clinical parameters, and type of canine oral mass.