Institutional policy consideration for medical cannabis

Abstract

With expanding legalization and cultural acceptance of cannabis, consumption among older adults in institutional care settings is increasing. State-by-state regulations vary widely and are evolving rapidly, adding layers of complexity to institutional policy and transitions of care. Owing to its current federal legal status, physicians cannot prescribe or dispense medical cannabis-they may only issue a recommendation for medical cannabis consumption. Furthermore, owing to the federally illicit status of cannabis, institutions accredited through the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) may risk their CMS contracts if they accept cannabis in their facilities. Institutions should clarify their policy around the specific cannabis formulations approved for on-site storage and administration, including safe handling and appropriate storage. Inhalation dosage forms of cannabis require additional considerations in institutional settings, such as secondhand exposure prevention and adequate ventilation. As with other controlled substances, institutional policies to prevent diversion are essential, such as secure storage, staff procedures, and inventory documentation. Cannabis consumption should be included in patient medical histories, medication reconciliation, medication therapy management, and other evidence-based methods to reduce the risk of potential medication-cannabis interactions during transitions of care.