Extrahepatic Outcomes of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Nonhepatocellular Cancers

Maryam K Ibrahim; Tracey G Simon; Mary E Rinella

doi:10.1016/j.cld.2023.01.004

Extrahepatic Outcomes of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Nonhepatocellular Cancers

Clin Liver Dis. 2023 May;27(2):251-273. doi: 10.1016/j.cld.2023.01.004. Epub 2023 Feb 26.

Authors

Maryam K Ibrahim¹, Tracey G Simon², Mary E Rinella³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
² Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit (CTEU), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
³ University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine; University of Chicago Hospitals. Electronic address: mrinella@bsd.uchicago.edu.

PMID: 37024206
DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2023.01.004

Abstract

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses the entire spectrum of fatty liver disease in individuals without significant alcohol consumption, including isolated steatosis, steatohepatitis, and cirrhosis. The overall global prevalence of NAFLD is estimated to be 30%, and the associated clinical and economic burden will continue to increase. NAFLD is a multisystemic disease with established links to cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, chronic kidney disease, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and intra- and extrahepatic malignancies. In this article the authors review the potential mechanisms and current evidence for the association between NAFLD and extrahepatic cancers and the resultant impact on clinical outcomes.

Keywords: Cancer; Cancer outcomes; Cancer therapy; Carcinogenesis; Diabetes; Insulin resistance; Nonalcoholic fatty liver; inflammation.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* / complications
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* / epidemiology
Humans
Liver / pathology
Liver Cirrhosis / epidemiology
Liver Cirrhosis / etiology
Liver Cirrhosis / metabolism
Metabolic Syndrome* / complications
Metabolic Syndrome* / epidemiology
Neoplasms*
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease* / pathology