Use of Continuous Glucose Monitors to Manage Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Progress, Challenges, and Recommendations

Jared G Friedman; Zulma Cardona Matos; Emily D Szmuilowicz; Grazia Aleppo

doi:10.2147/PGPM.S374663

Use of Continuous Glucose Monitors to Manage Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Progress, Challenges, and Recommendations

Pharmgenomics Pers Med. 2023 Mar 31:16:263-276. doi: 10.2147/PGPM.S374663. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Jared G Friedman^#¹, Zulma Cardona Matos^#¹, Emily D Szmuilowicz¹, Grazia Aleppo¹

Affiliation

¹ Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) management has been revolutionized with the development and routine utilization of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). CGM technology has allowed for the ability to track dynamic glycemic fluctuations and trends over time allowing for optimization of medical therapy and the prevention of dangerous hypoglycemic events. This review details currently-available real-time and intermittently-scanned CGM devices, clinical benefits, and challenges of CGM use, and current guidelines supporting its use in the clinical care of patients with T1D. We additionally describe future issues that will need to be addressed as CGM technology continues to evolve.

Keywords: continuous glucose monitoring; hemoglobin A1c; time in range; type 1 diabetes.

Publication types

Review

Grants and funding

T32 DK007169/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States